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Polarization & Malus Law Calculator vs ND Filter Exposure Calculator

Two calculators for the same neighbourhood of questions. Here is what each measures, what you feed in, and where you'd reach for one over the other.

Optics

Polarization & Malus Law Calculator

Calculates transmitted light intensity after passing through one or more polarizers using Malus's Law. Use it when designing optical systems, analyzing polarized filters, or studying light attenuation in physics labs.

Answers
Transmitted Intensity (W/m²)
Inputs
Initial Light Intensity, Polarizer Angle, Number of Polarizers
Photography

ND Filter Exposure Calculator

Calculate the correct long-exposure shutter speed when using one or more stacked ND filters. Essential for landscape and waterfall photographers who need to adjust for light reduction and film reciprocity failure.

Answers
Required Exposure Time (seconds)
Inputs
Base Shutter Speed, ND Filter Strength, Number of Stacked Filters, Reciprocity Failure Factor

At a glance

Polarization & Malus Law CalculatorND Filter Exposure Calculator
CategoryOpticsPhotography
AnswersTransmitted IntensityRequired Exposure Time
Inputs34
Result unitW/m²seconds

When to use each

Calculates transmitted light intensity after passing through one or more polarizers using Malus's Law. Use it when designing optical systems, analyzing polarized filters, or studying light attenuation in physics labs.

Calculate the correct long-exposure shutter speed when using one or more stacked ND filters. Essential for landscape and waterfall photographers who need to adjust for light reduction and film reciprocity failure.

Compare page seeded from editorial siblings — both calculators list each other as related.